SS-31

SS-31, also known as Elamipeptide, is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the primary site of ATP production and a significant source of reactive oxygen species. This targeted accumulation has made it a compelling subject in mitochondrial research. The literature examining its effects on oxidative stress reduction, mitochondrial membrane integrity, and ATP synthesis efficiency has grown steadily. It has been particularly referenced in research models involving mitochondrial dysfunction, ischemia-related cellular damage, and age-related decline in mitochondrial performance.